1. LOGIC AND REASON

     

    In a world where ideas are infinite, a world where actions are done with or without rationalizing ones act and a world where arguments are presented or  made day in and day out,  we need to logically experiment our own-selves and reason knowing the merits and demerits of ones own act. Logic and reason is a branch of philosophy in which three kinds of logic reasoning are taught. First is deduction, a logic where an attempt to work out the truth is determined by the original information which is known as the premise. If the premise is true, then the latter or the conclusion must be true. Secondly is induction, in this type of reasoning the information provided which is the premise holds an extent of support for the conclusion to be identified as the truth. This means that the premise determines the accuracy of the conclusion to be fictitious or precise. Lastly but not least is abduction, this is probably where the term “ give it your best shot “ is commonly used. In abduction, we tend to guess the most authentic or conclusive interpretation among the encountering options. This is all done if the conjecture is true. This are the three foundational disciplines to hold on to an infallible argument in which you do not only support your argument but diagnose an inconsistent argument of your counter-agent. 

 

“ The Allegory Of The Cave” A story told by Plato, which is a narrative or description that uses symbols to convey a veiled meaning.

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2. EPISTEMOLOGY

   

      “ How do we know? What do we know? ”  A commonly asked questions by everyone. The answers don’t just spring up, they are exempted and empiricist with logic and reasoning. Epistemology therefore is the cogitation of knowledge. This happen in two ways, first is rationalizing; this is the ability of  attempting to legitimize ( the power of the mind to develop knowledge ) logical and credible reasons even if these are not exact. Secondly is empiricist; a doctrine that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience, a habituate based on the senses to experiment and observe with logic and reason to provide a knowledge that might have not existed before in ones own mind. We need epistemology in our life for the reason that we develop the tendency to logically think and reason to provide a rational or empiricist answer which contributes to our knowledge. In that way, we can develop knowledge and improve the ambiance around us. Illiteracy might actually diminish  due to everyone rationalizing their thoughts and providing a knowledgeable answer. This discipline coupled with metaphysics is believed to be the core of philosophy. This is concluded with demonstrations because epistemology being “ how do you know?” And metaphysics being, “ what is real?” most answers of philosophy seem to emerge from this two disciplines.

Bertrand Russel, a British philosopher who used rational reasoning to come up with developed knowledge in order to contribute to the world of Philosophy

 

3. METAPHYSICS

Differentiation between a figment of imagination or a deception from perceptibility is what is acknowledged as metaphysics. This is a branch of philosophy that deals with reality…questions like, “ what is the meaning of life? Are we in reality or is it just one big illusion? What causes things to occur? Is there a Supreme Being?” This kind of questions are phenomenal to man. They are accountable to us, we might be able to answer them but not to certainty. This questions challenge the accuracy, precise and probity of man’s thoughts to use critical thinking and analyze the nature of the world around him. In this world of metaphysics, we also tend to study the otherworldly reality, the transcendent reality in which thoughts are beyond the genuine world, thoughts that can not be apprehended by man’s logic and sense. This gives a controversy between man to find the explicit answer to this questions through knowledge and science. Metaphysics is hardly inevitable in our daily lives because it holds questions in them that make man develop a  sense of belonging and a sense of critical thinking of what is real from what is dubious. Determining the reality of something, inquiring questions about a supreme being, seeking if eternity is part and parcel of the hear-after, all this queries tend to build a character in man that make him unique from other creatures.

  Eighteen words, but in them lies a deeper meaning; knowing what is real needs thoughts that are exempted without ambiguity.

 

4. ETHICS

Ethical people are the ones who sight  good from bad, right from wrong, a righteous act from an evil act. These persons have an ethical essence in them that govern them to do what they morally believe to be harmless or less vicious. Ethics therefore is the branch of philosophy that copes with moral values. Questions like, “ Is this good or bad?  Why am I good to people?  What is virtue? Is this act regarded permissible or is it prohibited?” Such are the questions that arise in ethics. Such questions are met and critically analyzed with attributes that are regarded as pleasing and also the other flip of the story which is, attributes that are regarded as unpleasant. Ethics is crucial in  our cyclic life because the backbone of relating to one another, needs an ethical value. Imagine a world where everyone had a hypothesis of what he morally believed to be right with less comparison to other people; the outcome would surely be devastating. People would kill, harm other people sometimes even hit you and do not say sorry. Ethics provides a specific path where everyone contributes to their hypothesis and of all those a final agreement is granted. An example of that is the parliament; members of the parliament suppose a certain bill, this bill is then passed on to the speaker who takes a vote between the members of the parliament and if two-thirds of the members propose to the bill; then its passed on to the constitution of the government. This is a precise judgmental example that can help not only the government but the people that they govern, that is their citizens.

Albert Einstein a physicist who proved most of his work theoretically but knew that morality was a matter of concern influenced by one’s own senses.

5. PHILOSOPHY OF (POLITICS, RELIGION, SCIENCE)

Apart from metaphysics, logic and reason, epistemology and ethics ,there is also another branch of philosophy which is philosophy of “……” the dots are put into brackets because a philosopher chooses a peculiar discipline either politics, religion or science. A philosopher’s point of view or perception towards these vast topics helps in understanding the caliber of its systematic process, a crystal clear understanding of its content and concepts, the comparison and contraction it has with the other topics and its logical bond with philosophy in general. Mostly, philosophers minister the comparison of these three topics in order to see if they are decorous to each other. Often questions that arise from this field are, “ Is science and religion compatible? What is justice? What are the just limits of state authorities? How equally do they treat people?” Such are the questions; political, social and religious philosophers explore in depth and in length. These three topics simultaneously build up our believes, government and theoretical fields that we all question. With science, all hypothesis are theoretically proven, with politics, politicians leave no stone unturned from unveiling what their people need and question authorities for their rights and finally with religion, a state of believe and faith might be found by philosophers who seek to question different religions and their contents, which often vary from each other.

This just shows you how science and religion contradict one another. A task where philosophers try to examine the difference between the hypothesis and the actual theories.

6. AESTHETICS

Aesthetics is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature and expression of beauty especially in the fine arts. Aesthetics is also the study of sensory or seniors-emotional values, sometimes called judgments of sentiment and taste. This discipline deals with people’s belief about beauty and art, normally these two sub-topics concurrently go together. This is where we comment upon the appearance of people and a thing, “aesthetically pleasing” as it is formally known. Often questions asked in this discipline are, “What is beauty? What is art? Is objective beauty possible?” Such are the questions that aestheticians often inquire in order to find the cardinal meaning of this discipline. Artists and models have a bond with this branch of philosophy, because artists value the essence and the beauty of art that they do and to show appreciation for it, they tend to socialize together in this discipline. Models on the other hand, tend to beautify themselves and they try to look exceptionally beautiful in the fashion industry.

 

Pablo Picasso, painted his first Cubist picture  “Les demoiselles d’Avignon” in 1907. This was valued by Picasso’s friends due to his love and motivation for the art industry.